“ With approximately 500 individual holdings , the S & P 500 is a better representation of the U . S . stock market than the Dow .”

10 Return on Investment ?

Although fought against for many years by the investment advisory industry , the use of low-cost index funds , particularly the S & P 500 Index funds , have become widely accepted and utilized by investment advisers . But does it still make sense ?

3 Evolving CPA

As data science , analytics , AI and other tech innovations come into play more , and the pace of change only accelerates , there ’ s a growing need for CPAs to lean into this landscape to possess a “ technological prowess .” DENISE LeDUC FROEMMING , CPA

14 Planning with Life Insurance

Delivering financial planning services and helping to protect your clients ’ best interest includes risk management planning . Our expert explains how life insurance fits in . LEONARD C . WRIGHT , CPA / PFS

19 To Switch , or Not to Switch

A Google search can show lots of articles about tax-free Roth strategies . What ’ s harder to find is how to decide if switching to Roth 401 ( k )/ IRA contributions make sense for a specific client . JIM AMERMAN , CFP , & GLENN FREED , CPA

24 Pathway to Success

The importance of mentoring can ’ t be overstated when it comes to providing first-generation college students with the guidance and resources necessary to be successful . CHARLES OSAKI , CPA

californiacpa . calcpa . org Volume 91 , No . 10 , June 2023

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2 CALIFORNIA CPA JUNE 2023 www . calcpa . org